Communication in Emergencies: The ICS Approach

The Incident Command System approach, or ICS, provides a model for how different agencies and officials should communicate within their jurisdictional boundaries and with each other. The model is most often applied to emergencies, thought it is not an emergency-exclusive framework.

The ICS approach was initially developed by the Forest Service as a way for facilitating communication during forest fire fighting. The approach is designed to establish a specific chain of communication based on specific responsibilities held during an emergency, with the goal being that all responders then know not only their specific tasks and who they supervise and report to, but also what the tasks of others are in the event of a need for a particular piece of information. Within agencies or groups employing the ICS model, a flow chart of responsibilities and communication usually exists. When used, the ICS approach usually requires setting deadlines for information seeking, reporting to those in command at prescribed intervals, and then creating timely action plans.

There are both advantages and disadvantages to following the ICS approach. While it does help to establish a clear chain of communication, this communication may still be difficult if requiring contact across agency boundaries. Also, if this chain of communication is radically different from normal agency channels, it is less likely to achieve effective results. In an emergency situation, however, where time is critical, the ICS approach can help with coordination and information control.

For example:
An Oil Spill

As soon as the oil spill is discovered, DEM is notified. They convene the other agencies with jurisdiction. Responsibilities are divided up into different sections, such as "command, planning, operations, logistics, finance, communications." Individuals from the different agencies are assigned to each section. Tasks are assigned, and it is decided to find answers and reconvene in 2 hours, followed by the first press conference.