Metals Levels in Rhode Island Municipal Sewage Sludges and their Resulting Appropriateness for Agricultural Use by Sod Farms

Marya Y. Carr

In order to evaluate the suitability of sludges from two Rhode Island municipal wastewater treatment plants for agricultural use, sludge samples were collected and analyzed for heavy metals and nutrients. Samples from the Warwick Sewer Authority and the Bucklin Point facility of the Narragansett Bay Commission (NBC) were analyzed for heavy metal content. Additional data on sludge metal concentration from NBC's Field's Point facility were also examined. Mean metal concentrations in sludges from all three plants (with the exception of Zn at the Warwick facility) were found to be well below those which are considered safe for long term agricultural use. A computer model of a sod production system was constructed in order to determine the impact of periodic soil removal with turf harvest on metals levels in soils receiving regular sludge applications. Data used in the model included soil bulk density, soil removal rates with turf harvest, and soil background metal concentrations which were determined for two RI sod farms. The model demonstrated that periodic soil removal at rates associated with turf harvest will serve to bring soil metal concentration and loading to an equilibrium level well below that to which it would build without periodic soil harvest and well within that which is considered safe for sludge- applied agricultural land. It is concluded that RI sludges are safe for agricultural use based on heavy metals loadings and that sod is an exceptionally safe crop for use in a sludge application program due to prevention of metal build-up as a result of soil harvest.